Anatomy of Flowering Plants NEET Questions 2024
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1. What is the study of the internal structure of plants called?
A. Physiology
B. Anatomy
C. Morphology
D. Cytology
The correct answer is B. Anatomy.
Explanation:
Anatomy refers to the study of internal structures and organization of plant parts, as opposed to morphology, which is about external features.
Explanation:
Anatomy refers to the study of internal structures and organization of plant parts, as opposed to morphology, which is about external features.
2. Which tissue system is responsible for forming the outermost covering of a plant?
A. Ground tissue system
B. Epidermal tissue system
C. Vascular tissue system
D. Fundamental tissue system
The correct answer is B. Epidermal tissue system.
Explanation:
The epidermal tissue system forms the outer covering of plants, providing protection and preventing water loss.
Explanation:
The epidermal tissue system forms the outer covering of plants, providing protection and preventing water loss.
3. What substance forms a waxy layer over the epidermis to prevent water loss?
A. Lignin
B. Cuticle
C. Suberin
D. Collagen
The correct answer is B. Cuticle.
Explanation:
The cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer that covers the epidermis, reducing water loss in aerial parts of the plant.
Explanation:
The cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer that covers the epidermis, reducing water loss in aerial parts of the plant.
4. Which cells are specialized for gaseous exchange in the epidermal tissue system?
A. Trichomes
B. Root hairs
C. Guard cells
D. Cortex cells
The correct answer is C. Guard cells.
Explanation:
Guard cells, which are part of the stomatal apparatus, control the opening and closing of stomata for gaseous exchange.
Explanation:
Guard cells, which are part of the stomatal apparatus, control the opening and closing of stomata for gaseous exchange.
5. What is the role of trichomes on the stem of a plant?
A. To prevent water loss due to transpiration
B. To transport nutrients to leaves
C. To store food
D. To absorb water from the soil
The correct answer is A. To prevent water loss due to transpiration.
Explanation:
Trichomes are hair-like structures on stems that help reduce water loss by transpiration and protect against herbivores.
Explanation:
Trichomes are hair-like structures on stems that help reduce water loss by transpiration and protect against herbivores.
6. Which type of vascular bundle is capable of secondary growth?
A. Closed vascular bundle
B. Open vascular bundle
C. Conjoint vascular bundle
D. Radial vascular bundle
The correct answer is B. Open vascular bundle.
Explanation:
Open vascular bundles contain a cambium, allowing for secondary growth, forming additional xylem and phloem.
Explanation:
Open vascular bundles contain a cambium, allowing for secondary growth, forming additional xylem and phloem.
7. In monocot roots, what is typically larger and more developed than in dicot roots?
A. Cortex
B. Pith
C. Endodermis
D. Pericycle
The correct answer is B. Pith.
Explanation:
Monocot roots have a more developed pith than dicot roots, which helps in storing and transporting nutrients.
Explanation:
Monocot roots have a more developed pith than dicot roots, which helps in storing and transporting nutrients.
8. Which of the following best describes the term 'radial vascular bundle'?
A. Xylem and phloem on the same radius
B. Xylem and phloem arranged alternately along different radii
C. Xylem and phloem arranged in the form of a ring
D. Vascular bundles with cambium in monocots
The correct answer is B. Xylem and phloem arranged alternately along different radii.
Explanation:
In radial vascular bundles, xylem and phloem are placed on separate radii, commonly seen in roots.
Explanation:
In radial vascular bundles, xylem and phloem are placed on separate radii, commonly seen in roots.
9. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Leaf
D. Flower
The correct answer is C. Leaf.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis mainly occurs in the leaves, where chloroplasts absorb sunlight and convert it into chemical energy.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis mainly occurs in the leaves, where chloroplasts absorb sunlight and convert it into chemical energy.
10. Which of the following structures is not part of the root system?
A. Root Hair
B. Root Cap
C. Petiole
D. Lateral Roots
The correct answer is C. Petiole.
Explanation:
The petiole is part of the shoot system, attaching the leaf to the stem. The root system includes root hairs, root caps, and lateral roots.
Explanation:
The petiole is part of the shoot system, attaching the leaf to the stem. The root system includes root hairs, root caps, and lateral roots.
11. Which type of tissue is responsible for mechanical support in plants?
A. Xylem
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Phloem
D. Parenchyma
The correct answer is B. Sclerenchyma.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma tissue provides mechanical strength and rigidity to the plant due to its thickened cell walls.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma tissue provides mechanical strength and rigidity to the plant due to its thickened cell walls.
12. The primary function of the meristematic tissue is to:
A. Facilitate growth by cell division
B. Conduct water and nutrients
C. Provide mechanical support
D. Store food
The correct answer is A. Facilitate growth by cell division.
Explanation:
Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth of plants by enabling continuous cell division in specific regions.
Explanation:
Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth of plants by enabling continuous cell division in specific regions.
13. What type of plant tissue is involved in the transport of sugars and other nutrients?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Collenchyma
The correct answer is B. Phloem.
Explanation:
Phloem is responsible for the transport of organic substances, mainly sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Explanation:
Phloem is responsible for the transport of organic substances, mainly sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
14. Which tissue is responsible for the growth in the length of a plant?
A. Parenchyma
B. Apical Meristem
C. Collenchyma
D. Xylem
The correct answer is B. Apical Meristem.
Explanation:
Apical meristem is located at the tips of roots and stems, and is responsible for the elongation (primary growth) of plants.
Explanation:
Apical meristem is located at the tips of roots and stems, and is responsible for the elongation (primary growth) of plants.
15. Which of the following is a characteristic of phloem tissue?
A. Conducts water
B. Contains lignin in the cell walls
C. Transports organic compounds
D. Provides structural support
The correct answer is C. Transports organic compounds.
Explanation:
Phloem transports organic compounds, primarily sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Explanation:
Phloem transports organic compounds, primarily sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
16. What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
A. Transport sugars
B. Transport amino acids
C. Transport water and minerals
D. Provide mechanical support
The correct answer is C. Transport water and minerals.
Explanation:
Xylem tissue is responsible for the upward transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Explanation:
Xylem tissue is responsible for the upward transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
17. Which of the following is an example of a non-vascular plant?
A. Fern
B. Moss
C. Pine tree
D. Rose
The correct answer is B. Moss.
Explanation:
Mosses are non-vascular plants, meaning they do not have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water and nutrients.
Explanation:
Mosses are non-vascular plants, meaning they do not have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water and nutrients.
18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of dicot plants?
A. Two cotyledons
B. Net-veined leaves
C. Vascular bundles arranged in a circle
D. Parallel-veined leaves
The correct answer is D. Parallel-veined leaves.
Explanation:
Dicots typically have net-veined leaves, while monocots have parallel-veined leaves.
Explanation:
Dicots typically have net-veined leaves, while monocots have parallel-veined leaves.
19. In which part of the plant does cellular respiration primarily occur?
A. Roots
B. Stem
C. Leaves
D. All of the above
The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration occurs in all parts of the plant, including the roots, stem, and leaves, to produce energy for cellular activities.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration occurs in all parts of the plant, including the roots, stem, and leaves, to produce energy for cellular activities.
20. Which gas is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis?
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
The correct answer is B. Carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is used along with water and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is used along with water and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.
21. Which of the following is an example of a fibrous root system?
A. Carrot
B. Beetroot
C. Grass
D. Sunflower
The correct answer is C. Grass.
Explanation:
Fibrous roots are characteristic of monocots like grasses, where many small roots arise from the base of the stem.
Explanation:
Fibrous roots are characteristic of monocots like grasses, where many small roots arise from the base of the stem.
22. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
A. Absorb light energy
B. Store glucose
C. Transport water
D. Break down carbon dioxide
The correct answer is A. Absorb light energy.
Explanation:
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then used in the process of photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen.
Explanation:
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then used in the process of photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen.
23. What type of cell division occurs in meristematic tissue?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary fission
D. Amitosis
The correct answer is B. Mitosis.
Explanation:
Meristematic tissue divides by mitosis to produce new cells for growth.
Explanation:
Meristematic tissue divides by mitosis to produce new cells for growth.
24. What is the function of stomata in plants?
A. Absorb water
B. Provide structural support
C. Exchange gases
D. Transport nutrients
The correct answer is C. Exchange gases.
Explanation:
Stomata are small openings on the leaves that allow the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and water vapor.
Explanation:
Stomata are small openings on the leaves that allow the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and water vapor.
25. Which of the following is a type of meristematic tissue that promotes secondary growth in plants?
A. Apical Meristem
B. Intercalary Meristem
C. Lateral Meristem
D. Epidermal Meristem
The correct answer is C. Lateral Meristem.
Explanation:
Lateral meristem, such as the cambium, is responsible for secondary growth, contributing to the thickening of stems and roots in plants.
Explanation:
Lateral meristem, such as the cambium, is responsible for secondary growth, contributing to the thickening of stems and roots in plants.
26. What is the function of the epidermis in a dicotyledonous stem?
A. Transport water and minerals
B. Protect the inner tissues from mechanical injury and pathogens
C. Store starch and other nutrients
D. Assist in photosynthesis
The correct answer is B. Protect the inner tissues from mechanical injury and pathogens.
Explanation:
The epidermis serves as the outer protective layer, shielding the plant from external damage and infection.
Explanation:
The epidermis serves as the outer protective layer, shielding the plant from external damage and infection.
27. Which tissue forms the outermost protective layer of a dicot stem?
A. Epidermis
B. Endodermis
C. Pericycle
D. Cortex
The correct answer is A. Epidermis.
Explanation:
The epidermis is the outermost layer in the dicotyledonous stem and serves as a protective covering.
Explanation:
The epidermis is the outermost layer in the dicotyledonous stem and serves as a protective covering.
28. In the anatomy of a monocot stem, where is the phloem parenchyma located?
A. Inside the xylem
B. It is absent
C. In the central pith
D. In the cortex
The correct answer is B. It is absent.
Explanation:
Monocot stems lack phloem parenchyma, which is characteristic of dicot stems.
Explanation:
Monocot stems lack phloem parenchyma, which is characteristic of dicot stems.
29. What is the function of the hypodermis in a dicotyledonous stem?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Mechanical strength
C. Storage of starch
D. Transport of water
The correct answer is B. Mechanical strength.
Explanation:
The hypodermis consists of collenchymatous cells that provide structural support to the young dicot stem.
Explanation:
The hypodermis consists of collenchymatous cells that provide structural support to the young dicot stem.
30. What type of vascular bundles are found in dicotyledonous stems?
A. Conjoint, open, and endarch
B. Radial and closed
C. Concentric and closed
D. Unicellular and open
The correct answer is A. Conjoint, open, and endarch.
Explanation:
Dicotyledonous stems have conjoint vascular bundles that are open and show endarch protoxylem arrangement.
Explanation:
Dicotyledonous stems have conjoint vascular bundles that are open and show endarch protoxylem arrangement.
31. Which of the following is present in monocotyledonous stems but not in dicotyledonous stems?
A. Phloem parenchyma
B. Scattered vascular bundles
C. Starch sheath
D. Cortex with collenchyma
The correct answer is B. Scattered vascular bundles.
Explanation:
In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem, unlike dicots where they are arranged in a ring.
Explanation:
In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem, unlike dicots where they are arranged in a ring.
32. What is the characteristic feature of the mesophyll in a dorsiventral leaf?
A. Both layers of mesophyll are made up of palisade parenchyma
B. It consists of palisade and spongy parenchyma
C. The mesophyll is not differentiated
D. It contains vascular tissues only
The correct answer is B. It consists of palisade and spongy parenchyma.
Explanation:
The mesophyll of a dorsiventral leaf is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, aiding in photosynthesis.
Explanation:
The mesophyll of a dorsiventral leaf is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma, aiding in photosynthesis.
33. What is the role of bulliform cells in monocot leaves?
A. Facilitate transpiration
B. Control leaf movement under water stress
C. Store water for photosynthesis
D. Perform cellular respiration
The correct answer is B. Control leaf movement under water stress.
Explanation:
Bulliform cells help in leaf curling when turgid, reducing water loss during drought conditions.
Explanation:
Bulliform cells help in leaf curling when turgid, reducing water loss during drought conditions.
34. What is the key feature of the vascular bundles in monocotyledonous stems?
A. Concentric with xylem surrounded by phloem
B. Open with cambium between xylem and phloem
C. Scattered with bundle sheath
D. Radial arrangement with distinct xylem and phloem
The correct answer is C. Scattered with bundle sheath.
Explanation:
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.
Explanation:
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.
35. What type of vascular bundles are found in monocot stems?
A. Conjoint, open, and endarch
B. Radial, closed, and exarch
C. Conjoint, closed, and surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle sheath
D. Concentric, open, and exarch
The correct answer is C. Conjoint, closed, and surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.
Explanation:
In monocot stems, vascular bundles are conjoint (xylem and phloem occur together), closed (no cambium), and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath for structural support.
Explanation:
In monocot stems, vascular bundles are conjoint (xylem and phloem occur together), closed (no cambium), and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath for structural support.
36. Which tissue system in plants is responsible for the transport of water and minerals?
A. Ground tissue system
B. Vascular tissue system
C. Epidermal tissue system
D. Meristematic tissue system
The correct answer is B. Vascular tissue system.
Explanation:
The vascular tissue system, which includes xylem and phloem, is responsible for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.
Explanation:
The vascular tissue system, which includes xylem and phloem, is responsible for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.
37. What is the primary function of phloem in plants?
A. Transport of water from roots to leaves
B. Transport of minerals from roots to leaves
C. Transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant
D. Transport of hormones within the plant
The correct answer is C. Transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Explanation:
Phloem is responsible for transporting the food produced during photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant for growth and storage.
Explanation:
Phloem is responsible for transporting the food produced during photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant for growth and storage.
38. What is the primary difference between monocot and dicot leaves in terms of venation?
A. Monocots have parallel venation, while dicots have reticulate venation
B. Monocots have reticulate venation, while dicots have parallel venation
C. Both monocots and dicots have parallel venation
D. Both monocots and dicots have reticulate venation
The correct answer is A. Monocots have parallel venation, while dicots have reticulate venation.
Explanation:
Monocot leaves exhibit parallel venation where the veins run parallel to each other, whereas dicot leaves have a reticulate or net-like venation pattern.
Explanation:
Monocot leaves exhibit parallel venation where the veins run parallel to each other, whereas dicot leaves have a reticulate or net-like venation pattern.
39. Which of the following tissues provide mechanical support to the plant?
A. Phloem
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Parenchyma
D. Xylem
The correct answer is B. Sclerenchyma.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma is a type of tissue that provides mechanical strength and support to mature plant parts. It has thick, lignified cell walls that make the plant more rigid and durable.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma is a type of tissue that provides mechanical strength and support to mature plant parts. It has thick, lignified cell walls that make the plant more rigid and durable.
40. In which part of the plant does secondary growth occur?
A. Roots
B. Leaves
C. Stems
D. Flowers
The correct answer is C. Stems.
Explanation:
Secondary growth occurs primarily in the stems and roots of dicot plants, leading to an increase in the thickness of the plant through the activity of the vascular cambium.
Explanation:
Secondary growth occurs primarily in the stems and roots of dicot plants, leading to an increase in the thickness of the plant through the activity of the vascular cambium.
41. Which tissue forms the main bulk of a plant and is involved in photosynthesis and storage?
A. Epidermis
B. Ground tissue
C. Vascular tissue
D. Meristematic tissue
The correct answer is B. Ground tissue.
Explanation:
Ground tissue is the main bulk of the plant and is involved in processes like photosynthesis, storage of food, and providing structural support.
Explanation:
Ground tissue is the main bulk of the plant and is involved in processes like photosynthesis, storage of food, and providing structural support.
42. What is the main function of the phloem in plants?
A. Transport of water
B. Transport of minerals
C. Transport of food (mainly sugars)
D. Transport of hormones
The correct answer is C. Transport of food (mainly sugars).
Explanation:
Phloem transports the food produced in the leaves (primarily sugars) to other parts of the plant for growth, storage, and energy production.
Explanation:
Phloem transports the food produced in the leaves (primarily sugars) to other parts of the plant for growth, storage, and energy production.
43. What is the function of the xylem in plants?
A. Transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant
B. Transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves
C. Transport of water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant
D. Transport of hormones within the plant
The correct answer is C. Transport of water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant.
Explanation:
Xylem is responsible for the upward transport of water and minerals from the roots to all parts of the plant, facilitating essential processes like photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Xylem is responsible for the upward transport of water and minerals from the roots to all parts of the plant, facilitating essential processes like photosynthesis.
44. What is the main function of xylem in flowering plants?
A. Transport of food
B. Transport of water and minerals
C. Transport of hormones
D. Synthesis of food
The correct answer is B. Transport of water and minerals.
Explanation:
Xylem primarily functions to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
Explanation:
Xylem primarily functions to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
45. Which cell type in xylem is responsible for water conduction?
A. Tracheids and vessels
B. Phloem parenchyma
C. Companion cells
D. Sclerenchyma fibers
The correct answer is A. Tracheids and vessels.
Explanation:
Tracheids and vessel elements in xylem are specialized for water conduction in plants.
Explanation:
Tracheids and vessel elements in xylem are specialized for water conduction in plants.
46. In flowering plants, which tissue is primarily responsible for the transport of food?
A. Xylem
B. Parenchyma
C. Phloem
D. Collenchyma
The correct answer is C. Phloem.
Explanation:
Phloem is responsible for the transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Explanation:
Phloem is responsible for the transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
47. Which cells in phloem are involved in loading and unloading of sugars?
A. Sieve tube elements
B. Companion cells
C. Parenchyma cells
D. Fibers
The correct answer is B. Companion cells.
Explanation:
Companion cells assist sieve tube elements by managing the loading and unloading of sugars.
Explanation:
Companion cells assist sieve tube elements by managing the loading and unloading of sugars.
48. What is the main function of stomata in plant leaves?
A. Absorption of nutrients
B. Photosynthesis
C. Gas exchange and transpiration
D. Protection from pathogens
The correct answer is C. Gas exchange and transpiration.
Explanation:
Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases and regulate water loss through transpiration.
Explanation:
Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases and regulate water loss through transpiration.
49. Which type of plant tissue provides mechanical support?
A. Parenchyma
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Epidermis
D. Phloem
The correct answer is B. Sclerenchyma.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma cells are highly lignified and provide structural support to the plant.
Explanation:
Sclerenchyma cells are highly lignified and provide structural support to the plant.
50. In which plant part are root hairs located?
A. Zone of maturation
B. Zone of elongation
C. Root cap
D. Stem
The correct answer is A. Zone of maturation.
Explanation:
Root hairs arise from the zone of maturation in roots and increase surface area for absorption.
Explanation:
Root hairs arise from the zone of maturation in roots and increase surface area for absorption.
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